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    FGMRES Arnoldi process, with optional projection or augmentation

    Parameters
    ----------
    matvec : callable
        Operation A*x
    v0 : ndarray
        Initial vector, normalized to nrm2(v0) == 1
    m : int
        Number of GMRES rounds
    atol : float
        Absolute tolerance for early exit
    lpsolve : callable
        Left preconditioner L
    rpsolve : callable
        Right preconditioner R
    CU : list of (ndarray, ndarray)
        Columns of matrices C and U in GCROT
    outer_v : list of ndarrays
        Augmentation vectors in LGMRES
    prepend_outer_v : bool, optional
        Whether augmentation vectors come before or after 
        Krylov iterates

    Raises
    ------
    LinAlgError
        If nans encountered

    Returns
    -------
    Q, R : ndarray
        QR decomposition of the upper Hessenberg H=QR
    B : ndarray
        Projections corresponding to matrix C
    vs : list of ndarray
        Columns of matrix V
    zs : list of ndarray
        Columns of matrix Z
    y : ndarray
        Solution to ||H y - e_1||_2 = min!
    res : float
        The final (preconditioned) residual norm

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rd!d |	D |	dd< |||#d fS )"a  
    Solve a matrix equation using flexible GCROT(m,k) algorithm.

    Parameters
    ----------
    A : {sparse matrix, dense matrix, LinearOperator}
        The real or complex N-by-N matrix of the linear system.
        Alternatively, ``A`` can be a linear operator which can
        produce ``Ax`` using, e.g.,
        ``scipy.sparse.linalg.LinearOperator``.
    b : {array, matrix}
        Right hand side of the linear system. Has shape (N,) or (N,1).
    x0  : {array, matrix}
        Starting guess for the solution.
    tol, atol : float, optional
        Tolerances for convergence, ``norm(residual) <= max(tol*norm(b), atol)``.
        The default for ``atol`` is `tol`.

        .. warning::

           The default value for `atol` will be changed in a future release.
           For future compatibility, specify `atol` explicitly.
    maxiter : int, optional
        Maximum number of iterations.  Iteration will stop after maxiter
        steps even if the specified tolerance has not been achieved.
    M : {sparse matrix, dense matrix, LinearOperator}, optional
        Preconditioner for A.  The preconditioner should approximate the
        inverse of A. gcrotmk is a 'flexible' algorithm and the preconditioner
        can vary from iteration to iteration. Effective preconditioning
        dramatically improves the rate of convergence, which implies that
        fewer iterations are needed to reach a given error tolerance.
    callback : function, optional
        User-supplied function to call after each iteration.  It is called
        as callback(xk), where xk is the current solution vector.
    m : int, optional
        Number of inner FGMRES iterations per each outer iteration.
        Default: 20
    k : int, optional
        Number of vectors to carry between inner FGMRES iterations.
        According to [2]_, good values are around m.
        Default: m
    CU : list of tuples, optional
        List of tuples ``(c, u)`` which contain the columns of the matrices
        C and U in the GCROT(m,k) algorithm. For details, see [2]_.
        The list given and vectors contained in it are modified in-place.
        If not given, start from empty matrices. The ``c`` elements in the
        tuples can be ``None``, in which case the vectors are recomputed
        via ``c = A u`` on start and orthogonalized as described in [3]_.
    discard_C : bool, optional
        Discard the C-vectors at the end. Useful if recycling Krylov subspaces
        for different linear systems.
    truncate : {'oldest', 'smallest'}, optional
        Truncation scheme to use. Drop: oldest vectors, or vectors with
        smallest singular values using the scheme discussed in [1,2].
        See [2]_ for detailed comparison.
        Default: 'oldest'

    Returns
    -------
    x : array or matrix
        The solution found.
    info : int
        Provides convergence information:

        * 0  : successful exit
        * >0 : convergence to tolerance not achieved, number of iterations

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] E. de Sturler, ''Truncation strategies for optimal Krylov subspace
           methods'', SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 36, 864 (1999).
    .. [2] J.E. Hicken and D.W. Zingg, ''A simplified and flexible variant
           of GCROT for solving nonsymmetric linear systems'',
           SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 32, 172 (2010).
    .. [3] M.L. Parks, E. de Sturler, G. Mackey, D.D. Johnson, S. Maiti,
           ''Recycling Krylov subspaces for sequences of linear systems'',
           SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 28, 1651 (2006).

    z$RHS must contain only finite numbers)rB   smallestz Invalid value for 'truncate': %rNzscipy.sparse.linalg.gcrotmk called without specifying `atol`. The default value will change in the future. To preserve current behavior, set ``atol=tol``.r   )category
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<listcomp>)  s    zgcrotmk.<locals>.<listcomp>c             S   s   | d d k	S )Nr   r   )cur   r   r   r   .  r   zgcrotmk.<locals>.<lambda>)keyr   r   )r   r   r   TZeconomic)Zoverwrite_amodeZpivotingg-q=)r   r   g      ?r   c             S   s   g | ]\}}|qS r   r   )rF   r:   rG   r   r   r   rH   y  s    )r-   r,   r.   rB   rC   c             S   s   g | ]\}}d |fqS )Nr   )rF   czuzr   r   r   rH     s    )!r	   r   r'   all
ValueErrorwarningswarnDeprecationWarningr*   r   sortemptyr&   r    r   popr(   r   listTr#   r)   zipmaxr>   r   r   FloatingPointErrorZeroDivisionErrorr   r   r%   r$   )AAbZx0ZtolmaxiterMcallbackr+   kZCUZ	discard_Ctruncater,   r   postprocessr*   Zpsolver   r   r   rr   Zb_normCusr6   r:   rG   r4   r5   Pr.   Znew_usr9   ZycZj_outerbetaZbeta_tolmlr3   r/   r0   r1   ZpresZuxr7   ZbyrI   ZbycZhyZcxr<   Zhycr;   gammaDWsigmaVZnew_CUr8   cupZwpcpZupr   r   r   r
      s    R

 

," 

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
$
$

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 ,$
)NNr   r   F)Nr?   r@   NNrA   NNFrB   N)rP   numpyr   Znumpy.linalgr   Zscipy.linalgr   r   r   r   r   r   Z scipy.sparse.linalg.isolve.utilsr	   __all__r>   r
   r   r   r   r   <module>   s     
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